Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who is widely considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. He was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire. Einstein grew up in a secular Jewish family and received formal education in mathematics and science at the Polytechnic School in Switzerland. He later enrolled at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, where he received a diploma in physics and mathematics.

Einstein's work revolutionized the field of physics and led to the development of modern theoretical physics. He is best known for his theory of general relativity, which describes the relationship between gravity and the curvature of spacetime, and his famous equation, E=mc2, which describes the relationship between energy and mass.

In 1905, Einstein published four groundbreaking papers in the journal Annalen der Physik that would change the course of physics. In these papers, he introduced the theory of special relativity, the concept of mass-energy equivalence, and the famous equation E=mc2. These papers also introduced the theory of the photoelectric effect, which explained how light behaves as both a wave and a particle.

In 1916, Einstein published his theory of general relativity, which described the curvature of spacetime and how gravity works. He also developed the concept of black holes and predicted the existence of gravitational waves.

Throughout his life, Einstein continued to work on developing his theories and expanding upon his ideas. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect and continued to work on his theories of general and special relativity for the rest of his life.

Einstein was a passionate advocate for world peace and social justice, and he became a vocal critic of militarism and the rise of fascism in Europe. He immigrated to the United States in 1933 and became a citizen in 1940. He continued to work on physics and advocate for peace and justice until his death in 1955.

Einstein's work has had a profound impact on modern physics and has changed the way we think about space, time, matter, and energy. His theories continue to be studied and tested by scientists today and have been confirmed by numerous experiments and observations. He remains one of the most iconic figures in the history of science and is revered as one of the greatest minds of all time.